Animated Cartography

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animated_mapping 

The map is a map of the coast of Indonesia. The trick is, its animated! This map displays the movement of water after an earthquake that caused a tsunami. Visualizing this movement would be difficult using standard cartographic methods but animation eliminates that problem in those kinds of situations.

Index Value Graph Woodlands

http://www.cmis.csiro.au/rsm/research/remveg/vegassess_all.html 

This Index Value plot is representative of the condition of a certain area of woodlands over time. The downward movement of lines across time represents the improvements in the condition and the upward changes in the index value represent a decline in the woodland condition.

Mental Map

http://www.fedstats.gov/kids/mapstats/concepts_mentalmaps.html 

This is a mental map of a an idea a person had for a city center. What mental maps like this do is render a visual representation of things that aren't actually tangible. This center has yet to be constructed so there is no real geographical representation that can be constructed, instead there is a way to render what is only so far real mentally.

Population Pyramid USA

http://www.nationmaster.com/country/us/Age_distribution 

This graph is a population profile or population pyramid. What this one shows is the number of men and women in each age bracket in the United States in 1950 just about the time of the Baby Boom, note the tremendous number of people from 0-4 years old.

LIDAR NYC

 

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/911/911-maps.html

This visual representation of the post 9/11 Ground Zero site was rendered using laser imaging from an aerial view. This LIDAR image shows how the elevation of objects by detecting how far they are from a plane mounted laser flying over the area. Blue is closest and Red is most far. The image was used to find  rubble piles and heights in the smoke.

Proportional Circle Map- Continuously Variable France

 

https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog486/book/export/html/1796 

This proportional circle map has continuously variable. It shows the amount of meat that was sent to each region of France represented by circles. The larger the circle, the more meat that was sent. The difference between the continuously variable circle map and the range graded one is that there aren't groups of data ranges that are represented by circle sizes. This serves as a more accurate vehicle for comparing the differences in the data.

Proportional Circle Map- Range Graded Europe

http://www.geog.ucsb.edu/~jeff/gis/proportional_symbols.html 

This is a proportional circle map of the European countries. What it displays is the number of people that use the internet. The larger the circle, the more internet users. The thing that makes this map range graded is that there are threshold type intervals for the circle sizes.